```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>MySQL核心配置与体系架构详解</title>
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    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@latest/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', Tahoma, Arial, Roboto, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Droid Sans Fallback", "Heiti SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", Simsun, sans-serif;
            background-color: #f8fafc;
            color: #1e293b;
        }
        h1, h2, h3, h4 {
            font-family: 'Noto Serif SC', serif;
        }
        .hero-gradient {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3b82f6 0%, #6366f1 100%);
        }
        .code-block {
            background-color: #1e293b;
            border-left: 4px solid #3b82f6;
        }
        .timeline-item:before {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            left: -32px;
            top: 8px;
            width: 12px;
            height: 12px;
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        }
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            transform: translateY(-4px);
            box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
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        .fade-in {
            animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-in-out;
        }
        @keyframes fadeIn {
            from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); }
            to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="antialiased">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="hero-gradient text-white py-20 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl text-center">
            <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-6">MySQL核心配置与体系架构</h1>
            <p class="text-xl md:text-2xl mb-8 opacity-90 max-w-3xl mx-auto">深入解析MySQL的配置文件、架构设计与SQL执行流程</p>
            <div class="flex justify-center space-x-4">
                <a href="#config" class="bg-white text-blue-600 px-6 py-3 rounded-lg font-medium hover:bg-opacity-90 transition-all duration-300">配置文件</a>
                <a href="#architecture" class="bg-transparent border-2 border-white px-6 py-3 rounded-lg font-medium hover:bg-white hover:text-blue-600 transition-all duration-300">体系架构</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <main class="container mx-auto max-w-5xl px-4 py-12">
        <!-- Windows Config Section -->
        <section id="config" class="mb-20 fade-in">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="bg-blue-100 p-3 rounded-full mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-cog text-blue-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800">MySQL核心配置文件</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-8 mb-12">
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                    <div class="bg-gray-50 px-6 py-4 border-b flex items-center">
                        <i class="fab fa-windows text-blue-500 mr-2"></i>
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold">Windows环境配置</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407797907-cf8f635c-c33d-444b-a2ee-358be5b2980f.png" alt="Windows MySQL配置" class="rounded-lg mb-6 shadow-sm">
                        <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 overflow-x-auto">
                            <pre><code>[mysqld]

# socket=MYSQL

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306

# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
# basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/"

# Path to the database root
datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/Data

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB</code></pre>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                    <div class="bg-gray-50 px-6 py-4 border-b flex items-center">
                        <i class="fab fa-linux text-orange-500 mr-2"></i>
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold">Linux环境配置</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">查看MySQL配置文件位置命令：</p>
                        <div class="bg-gray-100 p-3 rounded-lg mb-4">
                            <code class="text-gray-800">mysqld --verbose --help|grep -A 1 'Default options'</code>
                        </div>
                        <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407798244-2aa33f36-3842-478e-bd54-e856db473a4a.png" alt="Linux MySQL配置" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm mb-4">
                        <p class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
                            <span class="font-medium">/etc/my.cnf</span>、<span class="font-medium">/etc/mysql/my.cnf</span>、
                            <span class="font-medium">/usr/etc/my.cnf</span>以及<span class="font-medium">~/.my.cnf</span>
                            这些文件就是MySQL启动时默认会依次读取的配置文件，并且顺序排前的优先。
                        </p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Architecture Section -->
        <section id="architecture" class="mb-20 fade-in">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="bg-blue-100 p-3 rounded-full mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-project-diagram text-blue-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800">MySQL体系架构</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden mb-12 card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                <div class="p-6">
                    <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407798649-e0dbbc5d-0dce-4dd6-9580-3186b97bdc30.png" alt="MySQL体系架构" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm mx-auto mb-8">
                    
                    <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">
                        <div class="space-y-6">
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">1. 交互接口 (Connectors)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">MySQL向外提供的各种客户端连接接口</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">2. 连接池 (Connection Pool)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">管理客户端连接，提高服务端连接效率</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">3. 管理服务组件 (Management Service & Utilities)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">提供备份、集群、认证、权限管理等服务</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">4. SQL接口组件 (SQL Interface)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">接收SQL命令，判断SQL类型(DML/DDL/视图等)</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="space-y-6">
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">5. 查询分析器 (Parser)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">语法解析和词法解析，检查SQL语法和表结构</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">6. 优化器 (Optimizer)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">对SQL命令进行优化，选择最优执行计划</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">7. 缓存组件 (Caches & Buffers)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">包括查询缓存、数据缓存和日志缓存</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-blue-500">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">8. 存储引擎 (Pluggable Storage Engines)</h4>
                                <p class="text-gray-700">插件式存储引擎，如InnoDB、MyISAM等</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2023/png/21449790/1678860567713-f76b0ec4-d5f3-455d-9b29-3b138fa7b0d2.png" alt="MySQL详细架构" class="rounded-xl shadow-md w-full mb-12">

            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-8">
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                    <div class="bg-gray-50 px-6 py-4 border-b">
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold">SQL语句执行顺序 - 编写顺序</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1653787985039-1411030d-d6ab-4eed-917e-7182ae625f0f.png" alt="SQL编写顺序" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm mb-4 w-full">
                        <div class="space-y-2 text-gray-700">
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">1</div>
                                <div>SELECT</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">2</div>
                                <div>FROM</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">3</div>
                                <div>WHERE</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">4</div>
                                <div>GROUP BY</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">5</div>
                                <div>HAVING</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">6</div>
                                <div>ORDER BY</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">7</div>
                                <div>LIMIT</div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                    <div class="bg-gray-50 px-6 py-4 border-b">
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold">SQL语句执行顺序 - 机器读取顺序</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-6">
                        <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1653788018166-7787139e-c12e-4c60-95be-3c30c8853f1f.png" alt="SQL执行顺序" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm mb-4 w-full">
                        <div class="space-y-2 text-gray-700">
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">1</div>
                                <div>FROM</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">2</div>
                                <div>ON</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">3</div>
                                <div>JOIN</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">4</div>
                                <div>WHERE</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">5</div>
                                <div>GROUP BY</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">6</div>
                                <div>HAVING</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">7</div>
                                <div>SELECT</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">8</div>
                                <div>ORDER BY</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-start">
                                <div class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center mr-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0">9</div>
                                <div>LIMIT</div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="mt-8 bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                <div class="p-6">
                    <div class="mb-6">
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">SQL语句执行流程详细说明</h3>
                        <div class="space-y-4 text-gray-700">
                            <p><strong>FROM</strong>：选取表，将多个表数据通过笛卡尔积变成一个表。</p>
                            <p><strong>ON</strong>：对笛卡尔积的虚表进行筛选。</p>
                            <p><strong>JOIN</strong>：指定join类型，用于添加数据到on之后的虚表中。</p>
                            <p><strong>WHERE</strong>：对上述虚表进行筛选。</p>
                            <p><strong>GROUP BY</strong>：分组。</p>
                            <p><strong>HAVING</strong>：对分组后的结果进行聚合筛选。</p>
                            <p><strong>SELECT</strong>：返回的单列必须在group by子句中，聚合函数除外。</p>
                            <p><strong>DISTINCT</strong>：数据除重。</p>
                            <p><strong>ORDER BY</strong>：排序。</p>
                            <p><strong>LIMIT</strong>：行数限制。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Execution Process Section -->
        <section class="mb-20 fade-in">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="bg-blue-100 p-3 rounded-full mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-tasks text-blue-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800">SQL语句执行流程分析</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden mb-12 card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                <div class="p-6">
                    <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1653788698231-ec4a32b7-1d52-4622-9490-fcf3e6877331.png" alt="MySQL执行过程" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm mx-auto mb-8 w-full">
                    
                    <div class="mb-8">
                        <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">使用Query Profiler分析SQL执行</h3>
                        <div class="space-y-6">
                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">1. 查看profiling参数</h4>
                                <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 mb-2">
                                    <pre><code>show variables like '%profi%';</code></pre>
                                </div>
                                <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407798965-3fbca2fa-593e-4275-b188-f994399a4723.png" alt="profiling参数" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm">
                                <p class="text-gray-700 mt-2">profiling 默认是关闭的，所以需要手动开启</p>
                            </div>

                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">2. 开启profiling</h4>
                                <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 mb-2">
                                    <pre><code>set profiling = 1;</code></pre>
                                </div>
                                <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407799355-41cd456c-dc32-46dc-877c-5f978b9bfcba.png" alt="开启profiling" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm">
                            </div>

                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">3. 执行查询语句</h4>
                                <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200">
                                    <pre><code>select * from t_user where id = 2</code></pre>
                                </div>
                            </div>

                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">4. 查看所有sql的profiles</h4>
                                <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 mb-2">
                                    <pre><code>show profiles</code></pre>
                                </div>
                                <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407799697-f244ba13-d193-4ac2-867f-7b819b4572ca.png" alt="SQL profiles" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm">
                            </div>

                            <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg">
                                <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">5. 查询单个sql的profile</h4>
                                <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 mb-2">
                                    <pre><code>show profile cpu for query 6;</code></pre>
                                </div>
                                <img src="https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2022/png/21449790/1651407800005-2c06a064-28a7-4fd2-a767-239657b3898d.png" alt="单个SQL profile" class="rounded-lg shadow-sm">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="bg-yellow-50 border-l-4 border-yellow-400 p-4 rounded-lg">
                        <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">总结</h4>
                        <div class="space-y-2 text-gray-700">
                            <p>1. show profile默认是关闭的，并且开启后只存活于当前会话，也就说每次使用前都需要开启。</p>
                            <p>2. 通过show profiles查看sql语句的耗时时间，然后通过show profile命令对耗时时间长的sql语句进行诊断。</p>
                            <p>3. 注意show profile诊断结果中出现相关字段的含义，判断是否需要优化sql语句。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Slow Query Section -->
        <section class="fade-in">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <div class="bg-blue-100 p-3 rounded-full mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-clock text-blue-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800">MySQL慢查询日志</h2>
            </div>

            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden card-hover transition-all duration-300">
                <div class="p-6">
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">MySQL的慢查询日志是MySQL提供的一种日志记录，它用来记录在MySQL中响应时间超过阈值的语句，具体指运行时间超过long_query_time值的SQL，则会被记录到慢查询日志中。long_query_time的默认值为10，意思是运行10S以上的语句。</p>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">默认情况下，Mysql数据库并不启动慢查询日志，需要我们手动来设置这个参数，当然，如果不是调优需要的话，一般不建议启动该参数，因为开启慢查询日志会或多或少带来一定的性能影响。慢查询日志支持将日志记录写入文件，也支持将日志记录写入数据库表。</p>
                    
                    <div class="code-block p-4 rounded-lg text-gray-200 mb-6">
                        <pre><code>-- 查看慢查询日志是否开启：
select @@slow_query_log; 

-- 开启慢查询日志
SET GLOBAL slow_query_log=1;

-- 查询慢查询次数
show status like 'slow_queries';

-- 查看阈值：
show variables like 'long%'

-- 设置阈值：
set long_query_time=0.0001;

-- 查看慢查询日志的位置
select @@slow_query_log_file;</code></pre>
                    </div>

                    <div class="bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 p-4 rounded-lg">
                        <h4 class="font-bold text-lg mb-2 text-gray-800">慢查询日志使用建议</h4>
                        <div class="space-y-2 text-gray-700">
                            <p>1. 生产环境中建议将慢查询阈值设置为1秒左右</p>
                            <p>2. 定期分析慢查询日志，找出需要优化的SQL</p>
                            <p>3. 优化完成后关闭慢查询日志以减少性能影响</p>
                            <p>4. 可以将慢查询日志导入到工具中进行分析，如pt-query-digest</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>
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